Developmental disabilities can pose challenges when it comes to dentistry. Patients with disabilities such as autism, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and other cognitive challenges might require assistance with daily activities and self-care, including oral hygiene.
The NIH (National Institute for Dental and Cranial Research) outlines health problems (including oral health) that can accompany developmental disabilities and tips for a maintaining a healthy mouth.
Developmental Challenges
Many developmental disabilities involve cognitive limitations. Mental capacity varies among people with such disabilities. Individuals might require assistance during a dental appointment and daily reminders of their oral hygiene regime. In addition to mental challenges, behavior problems such as severe anxiety or the inability to cooperate are also common for those with developmental disabilities.
Physical challenges with mobility and movement can impact people with developmental disabilities. Individuals who require a wheelchair or walker to get around need an environment that accommodates their needs with easy access to the dental operatory and assistance getting comfortable in the chair. Neuromuscular problems can affect muscles in the mouth, which can impede dental work. Other problems such as uncontrolled body movements can be unpredictable and require extra safety measures during dental treatments.
Health Problems
Certain developmental disabilities increase the risk of health problems including cardiac disorders as well as seizures. Hearing loss and visual impairments are also common, both of which can make communication difficult. Individuals and their caregivers should openly communicate with their dentist about any health problems, especially those requiring medication.
Oral Health Conditions
Whether it’s due to the lack of proper oral hygiene or predisposition, developmental disabilities can increase the risk of certain dental problems.
Cavities: Tooth decay is common and often the result of poor oral hygiene.
Developmental Delays: Tooth eruption can be delayed with some disabilities.
Gum Disease: Periodontal problems can occur and be difficult to treat without proper oral health care.
Jaw Alignment: A misaligned jaw can affect chewing and talking, which can lead to tooth decay and other problems.
Malformations: This can include tooth enamel defects as well as misshapen and irregular number of teeth.
Oral Habits: Bad habits like grinding, clenching, and tongue thrusting are common habits for developmental disabilities.
Tips for Caregivers
The oral health care of a person with a development disability will often fall on the shoulders of a caregiver. Whether that be a family member, a nurse, or a friend, it’s important for caregivers to have patience and skills to handle the challenges. Reminding the person or assisting with the daily routine of brushing and flossing is important for preventing oral health problems. Overseeing a person’s oral health care may also involve scheduling dental appointments, arranging transportation, and providing support during an appointment.
At Berger Dental, we strive to provide the highest quality of dental care to all of our patients, including those with developmental disabilities. If you have any questions or concerns, call us at 954-344-4488, or complete an online appointment request to schedule your consultation.